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CTRI Number  CTRI/2024/12/078347 [Registered on: 19/12/2024] Trial Registered Prospectively
Last Modified On: 19/12/2024
Post Graduate Thesis  Yes 
Type of Trial  Interventional 
Type of Study   Drug 
Study Design  Randomized, Parallel Group, Active Controlled Trial 
Public Title of Study   Study comparing Dexmedetomidine, clonidine, and Pethidine to prevent shivering after spinal anesthesia in surgery 
Scientific Title of Study   A randomised double blinded study of Dexmedetomidine, clonidine,pethidine for control of post spinal shivering in patients undergoing elective surgeries 
Trial Acronym  Nil 
Secondary IDs if Any  
Secondary ID  Identifier 
NIL  NIL 
 
Details of Principal Investigator or overall Trial Coordinator (multi-center study)  
Name  SRI RANJANI B 
Designation  POSTGRADUATE RESIDENT 
Affiliation  Chettinad hospital and research institute 
Address  D block , 1st floor,Department of Anaesthesiology,Chettinad hospital and research institute,chettinad health city,Rajiv Gandhi Salai( OMR) ,kelambakkam

Chennai
TAMIL NADU
603103
India 
Phone  9003070894  
Fax    
Email  ranjanisrivignesh@gmail.com  
 
Details of Contact Person
Scientific Query
 
Name  Dr ASHOK KULASEKHAR 
Designation  Professor Head of the Department 
Affiliation  Chettinad Hospital and research Institute 
Address  Professor Head of the department, D- block 1st floor, Department of Anaesthesiology, chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Health city, Rajiv Gandhi salai, Kelambakkam

Chennai
TAMIL NADU
603103
India 
Phone  9840498420  
Fax    
Email  ashokk_dr@yahoo.com  
 
Details of Contact Person
Public Query
 
Name  Dr ASHOK KULASEKHAR 
Designation  Professor Head of the Department 
Affiliation  Chettinad Hospital and research Institute 
Address  Professor Head of the department, D- block 1st floor, Department of Anaesthesiology, chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Health city, Rajiv Gandhi salai, Kelambakkam

Chennai
TAMIL NADU
603103
India 
Phone  9840498420  
Fax    
Email  ashokk_dr@yahoo.com  
 
Source of Monetary or Material Support  
Chettinad hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Health city, Rajiv Gandhi salai, Kelambakkam, Chennai, Tamilnadu 603103 
 
Primary Sponsor  
Name  Chettinad hospital and research institute 
Address  Chettinad hospital and research institute, chettinad health city, Rajiv Gandhi Salai,Kelambakkam, chennai, Tamilnadu, India-603103 
Type of Sponsor  Private medical college 
 
Details of Secondary Sponsor  
Name  Address 
NIL  NIL 
 
Countries of Recruitment     India  
Sites of Study  
No of Sites = 1  
Name of Principal Investigator  Name of Site  Site Address  Phone/Fax/Email 
Dr B SRI RANJANI  Chettinad hospital and research institute   D- block , 1st floor, Department of Anaesthesiology, Chettinad Health city, Chettinad health city,Rajiv Gandhi Salai,Kelambakkam,,Chennai,Tamilnadu ,India-603103
Chennai
TAMIL NADU 
9003070894

ranjansrivignesh@gmail.com 
 
Details of Ethics Committee  
No of Ethics Committees= 1  
Name of Committee  Approval Status 
INSTITUTIONAL HUMAN ETHICS COMMITTEE ( CARE IHEC- I)  Approved 
 
Regulatory Clearance Status from DCGI  
Status 
Not Applicable 
 
Health Condition / Problems Studied  
Health Type  Condition 
Patients  (1) ICD-10 Condition: 4||Measurement and Monitoring,  
 
Intervention / Comparator Agent  
Type  Name  Details 
Intervention  Dexmedetomidine and clonidine  Dexmedetomidine 0.5 mcg/ kg intravenous dose and clonidine 1 mcg/kg intravenous dose will be given when shivering occurs after spinal anesthesia for 2 hrs 
Comparator Agent  Pethidine  Pethidine 0.5mg/ kg intravenous dose when shivering occurs after spinal anesthesia for 2 hrs  
 
Inclusion Criteria  
Age From  20.00 Year(s)
Age To  60.00 Year(s)
Gender  Both 
Details  Inclusion criteria:
1)Patients aged 20-60 years
2)ASA -1,2
3)Shivering grade 2-3 ( Crossley and Mahajan scale)
4)Elective surgeries 
 
ExclusionCriteria 
Details  1) patient aged less than 20 yrs and more than 60 yrs
2)Fever, drug allergic reactions ,thyroid illness, neuromuscular diseases
3)Patients with cardiac disease( heart blocks,LVF) ,psychiatry illness
4)Patient who develop shivering even before giving spinal Anesthesia
ASA -3,4 
 
Method of Generating Random Sequence   Computer generated randomization 
Method of Concealment   Sequentially numbered, sealed, opaque envelopes 
Blinding/Masking   Participant and Investigator Blinded 
Primary Outcome  
Outcome  TimePoints 
To compare the time taken to control shivering between Dexmedetomidine, clonidine , pethidine  120 mins 
 
Secondary Outcome  
Outcome  TimePoints 

To assess sedation using Filos sedation scale
To assess other hemodynamic changes , adverse effects of these drugs 
120 mins 
 
Target Sample Size   Total Sample Size="90"
Sample Size from India="90" 
Final Enrollment numbers achieved (Total)= "90"
Final Enrollment numbers achieved (India)="90" 
Phase of Trial   Phase 4 
Date of First Enrollment (India)   01/01/2025 
Date of Study Completion (India) 31/07/2024 
Date of First Enrollment (Global)  Date Missing 
Date of Study Completion (Global) Date Missing 
Estimated Duration of Trial   Years="1"
Months="0"
Days="0" 
Recruitment Status of Trial (Global)   Not Applicable 
Recruitment Status of Trial (India)  Completed 
Publication Details   N/A 
Individual Participant Data (IPD) Sharing Statement

Will individual participant data (IPD) be shared publicly (including data dictionaries)?  

Response - NO
Brief Summary  
Shivering is a common complication of spinal anesthesia in 70 percent of patients undergoing surgery under spinal anesthesia .Shivering causes certain physiologic complications which includes increase in oxygen consumption, hypercarbia, increase in minute ventilation .It induces arterial hypoxemia , lactic acidosis, increased intraocular pressure,ICT,damage to dental prosthesis thereby interfering with patient monitoring.Various pharmacological and non pharmacological methods are control of shivering during spinal anesthesia . Pharmacological methods using various drugs include tramadol, clonidine , Dexmedetomidine,doxapram, pethidine, nefopam, neostigmine,magnesium sulphate, ketamine have been tried.Dexmedetomidine and clonidine is a selective alpha 2 adrenergic receptor agonist ,Dexmedetomidine is highly selective alpha 2 agonist with antihypertensive, sedative, analgesic properties along with antishivering properties
Pethidine is a mu opioid receptor agonist ,it has analgesic  and anti shivering properties.In this study we compare the efficacy of Dexmedetomidine, pethidine , clonidine  with respect to study time from drug administration to control of shivering,recurrence time . 
AIM:
The aim of the study is to compare the control of post spinal shivering using Dexmedetomidine, clonidine , pethidine in patients undergoing elective surgeries 
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE:
To compare the time taken to control shivering between Dexmedetomidine, clonidine using pethidine as control group
SECONDARY OBJECTIVE:
To assess sedation using Filos sedation scale
To assess other hemodynamic changes , adverse effects of these drugs over 120 mins 

Study design: Prospective ,randomised, double blinded case study
Sample size 
Cochran formula is
n=Z(square)pq/e(square)
Where:
Z is in general 1.96 at level of significance being 0.05
e is the desired level of precision (i.e. the margin of error),
p is the (estimated) proportion of the population which has the attribute in question,
q is 1 – p.
In the given proposal,
Z = 1.96
p = 0.22 (assumption based on the practical experience Ref : Halvadia et al 2020))
q = 0.78
e = 0.15 (assumption)
The sample size works out to 29.2986 which is approximately 30.
Hence the sample size suggested for the present study is 30 in each group.

Groups:
Group D - Dexmedetomidine group receiving single intravenous bolus dose of 0.5 mcg/ kg in 100 ml NS over 10 mins
Group P- Pethidine group patients receiving 0.5 mg/ kg Pethidine IV over 10 mins
Group C- clonidine group patients receiving 1 mcg/ kg clonidine IV  in 100 ml NS over 10 mins 

Inclusion criteria:
Patients aged 20-60 years 
ASA -1,2
Shivering grade 2-3 ( Crossley and Mahajan scale)
Elective surgeries

Exclusion criteria:
Age <20 and > 60
Fever, drug allergic reactions ,thyroid illness, neuromuscular diseases
Patients with cardiac disease( heart blocks,LVF) ,psychiatry illness
Patient who develop shivering even before giving spinal Anesthesia 
ASA -3,4

All patients were instructed to fast  for 8 hrs for solid diet prior to surgery.All patients were pre medicated with Tablet ALPRAZOLAM 0.5 mg and Tablet PANTOPRAZOLE 40 mg orally on the night before surgery and morning of surgery. Informed and written consent will be obtained pre operatively.Patients baseline pre operative vitals will be recorded ( HR, BP, MAP, SPO2).The patient will be transferred to operating room.After entering OT room an intravenous (IV) line will be established with an 18 G IV catheter in the dorsum of hand or wrist vein.Standard monitoring with electrocardiography, non invasive blood pressure, pulse oximetry will be performed as per ASA guidelines.BP,HR, SPO2, Temperature will be measured at appropriate levels.Operation theatre temperature will be kept at 22-25 degree Celsius .Warmer, warming blankets, warm fluids will be kept.Under sterile aseptic precautions all patients will receive sub arachanoid block at L3-L4 or L4-L5, level with patients in sitting or lateral position using 25 or 26 G Quincke needle.After cerebrospinal fluid is detected Inj 0.5 Bupivacaine H will be injected along with Inj Buprenorphine  counting on the need for surgery as per Anesthesiologist decision .Shivering of grade 2 and grade 3 as proposed by Crossley and Mahajan scale of shivering will be considered to need of treatment 
When patient developed shivering they were  allocated to 3 groups as computer generated random numbers as group D, C,P and the study drug was then administered intravenously as per assigned group .The time from drug administration until the disappearance of shivering will be noted accurately in second.Patients will be monitored at intervals of 1 min, 3 min, 5min, 10 mins, 20 mins, 30 mins until the  End of surger. Crossley and Mahajan scale of shivering ( grade0 - no shivering, grade 1- mild fasciculation of face or neck,grade2- visible tremor involving more than one muscle group, grade-3 gross muscular activity involving the entire body).Patients will be monitored  for drug failure, recurrence of shivering,side effects like Vomiting , hypotension.
Sedation score was evaluated with a four point scale as per filos I

References
 Venkatraman R, Karthik K, Pushparani A, Mahalakshmi A. A prospective, randomized, double-blinded control study on comparison of tramadol, clonidine and dexmedetomidine for post spinal anesthesia shivering. Rev Bras Anestesiol. 2018;68:42–8. [PMCID: PMC9391672] [PubMed: 28546012]
  Bajwa SJ, Gupta S, Kaur J, Singh A, Parmar S. Reduction in the incidence of shivering with perioperative dexmedetomidine: A randomized prospective study. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2012;28:86–91. [PMCID: PMC3275980] [PubMed: 22345953]
  Shukla U, Malhotra K, Prabhakar T. A comparative study of the effect of clonidine and tramadol on post-spinal anaesthesia shivering. Indian J Anaesth. 2011;55:242–6. [ PMCID: PMC3141147] [PubMed: 21808395]





 
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