Five-Times Sit-to-Stand Test: Measures lower body strength and endurance by timing how long it takes to stand up and sit down five times. Five-time sit-to-stand test- The participant must stand up and sit down five times as quickly as they can without using their hands to propel themselves out of a chair during the five-time STS. A portable stopwatch was used to record the amount of time it took to complete the assignment. A typical armless chair, measuring 43–47 cm in height, was utilized. To maintain stability and safety, the chair’s back ought to be secured against a wall. To avoid using his or her hands, the subject was told to fold his or her arms across his or her chest. The experiment begins when the subject is given the go-ahead by the researcher and ends when the subject, after five repetitions, fully reclines in the chair with his or her back resting against the chair’s back.

The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) is a self-administered questionnaire that assesses pain, stiffness, and physical function in patients with hip or knee osteoarthritis. The Western Ontario MacMaster (WOMAC) is a validated instrument designed specifically for the assessment of lower extremity pain and function in osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee . WOMAC, a measure of lower extremity pain (5 items), stiffness (2 items), and function (17 items), with items rated on a Likert scale of 0 (no symptoms) to 4 (extreme symptoms). The reliability and validity of the WOMAC total score and subscales have been confirmed. The WOMAC has been widely used in trials of behavioral interventions for knee OA, confirming its sensitivity to change.