Thesis protocol Cross sectional study on association of HbA1c with Cardiovascular
disease (Macro vascular),Cronic Kidney Disease (Micro vascular complications). Study Team : Research Scholar : S.Jayanthi, Sr.Lab Supervisor, MMM Hospital
Guide
:
Dr.P.Amudha , Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Vels University
Clinical Guide : Dr,Mullasari Ajit - Director - ICVD Dr.V.Chitra
Sree - HOD & Senior Consultant Department
of Biochemistry & Haematology Dr.Manoj Kumar Shah –
Consultant – Diabetologist Introduction: Diabetes
Mellitus has been identified as a contributing factor in a number of
conditions, most notably cardiovascular disease, retinal disease, and renal
disease. With the constant
development of living standards, the increasing incidence of chronic diseases
has gradually become important. Diabetes as one of the most important chronic
diseases is the most common endocrine system disease. Its complications are
numerous, and the proportion of diabetes patients with hypertension and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases
is increasing, which seriously threatens human health and causes severe social
and economic burden. Therefore diabetes has attracted more and more attention. A large number of
epidemiologic studies suggested that patients with diabetes had several times
higher risks of cardiovascular disease and diabetes was a continuous risk
factor of cardiovascular disease. A
distinct manifestation of diabetic renal disease is diabetic nephropathy (DN),which is seen in patients with both type
1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. DN, commonly a manifestation of uncontrolled
DM, is a chronic disease state with glomerular hypertrophy, transient
glomerular hyperfiltration, renal fibrosis, proteinuria, and a progressive
decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Anemia is an important component
of diabetic nephropathy. Thyroid hormones are involved in cell
metabolism, blood sugar regulation, and insulin resistance. The prevalence of
an abnormal thyroid function is higher in patients with diabetes (approximately
2.2–17% increase) than in healthy individuals. Hypothyroidism is the commonest
abnormal thyroid function in Diabetic patients. In addition, thyroid hormones
interact with the kidneys. Thyroid hormones contribute to the growth and
development of the kidneys, maintain water and electrolyte balance, and
participate in the renal transport system. Thyroid dysfunction affects the
function of the glomerulus and renal tubules, and indirectly affects the
renin–angiotensin system and renal blood flow. Changes in hemodynamics and the
cardiovascular system have an effect on renal function. Dyslipidemia is a well-recognized
risk factor for diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).Dyslipidemia
in patients with T2D is typically characterized with high levels of
triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and low
level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) People
with diabetes can have an eye disease called. Diabetic Retinopathy High blood sugar levels cause damage to blood
vessels in the retina. These blood vessels can swell and leak. Or they can close, stopping
blood from passing through. Sometimes abnormal, new blood vessels grow on the
retina. The condition can develop in anyone who has type 1 or type 2
diabetes. Aim: 1.
To
study and correlate on association of HbA1C levels in Macro vascular and Micro,
and thyroid dysfunction among people visiting a tertiary care hospital. 2.
To
identify the severity of the diseases based on the HbA1C levels and duration of
diabetes. 3.
To
compare on the high risk of the studied health condition for diabetic patients. Objectives: 1.
To
investigate the extent to which the HbA1c levels correlate with the severity of
Macro vascular and Micro vascular complication. 2.
To
assess the prevalence of Thyroid dysfunction among diabetic patients. 3.
To
assess the prevalence of dyslipidemia in diabetic patients.
4.
To explore
the potential interactions between HbA1c levels and other demographic or
clinical variables such as age, gender, BMI, co-morbidities in relation to the
mentioned health conditions. |