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CTRI Number  CTRI/2024/11/076952 [Registered on: 18/11/2024] Trial Registered Prospectively
Last Modified On: 13/11/2024
Post Graduate Thesis  No 
Type of Trial  Interventional 
Type of Study   Physiotherapy (Not Including YOGA)
Other (Specify) [Pulmonary Rehabilitation]  
Study Design  Randomized, Parallel Group, Multiple Arm Trial 
Public Title of Study   Pulmonary rehabilitation in low resource settings for people with breathlessness due to lung conditions. 
Scientific Title of Study   Pulmonary rehabilitation delivered in low resource settings for people with chronic respiratory disease: a 3-arm assessor-blind randomised implementation trial. 
Trial Acronym   
Secondary IDs if Any  
Secondary ID  Identifier 
NIL  NIL 
 
Details of Principal Investigator or overall Trial Coordinator (multi-center study)  
Name  Dr Biswajit Paul 
Designation  Professor  
Affiliation  Christian Medical College, Vellore 
Address  Room no. 1, HOD Office, Admin Block, RUHSA Department, Community Health Division, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, TAMIL NADU, 632209 India

Vellore
TAMIL NADU
632009
India 
Phone  8124034755  
Fax    
Email  drbpaul@cmcvellore.ac.in  
 
Details of Contact Person
Scientific Query
 
Name  Dr Biswajit Paul 
Designation  Professor  
Affiliation  Christian Medical College, Vellore 
Address  Room no. 1, HOD Office, Admin Block, RUHSA Department, Community Health Division, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, TAMIL NADU, 632209 India

Vellore
TAMIL NADU
632009
India 
Phone  8124034755  
Fax    
Email  drbpaul@cmcvellore.ac.in  
 
Details of Contact Person
Public Query
 
Name  Mr Paul Jebaraj 
Designation  Training Officer 
Affiliation  Christian Medical College, Vellore 
Address  Room no. 5, Training Unit, RUHSA Department, P.K Puram, K.V Kuppam block, Vellore district 632209

Vellore
TAMIL NADU
632009
India 
Phone  9629042504  
Fax    
Email  paul.jebaraj@cmcvellore.ac.in  
 
Source of Monetary or Material Support  
Edinburgh Research Office, University of Edinburgh, Charles Stewart House, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (UK) PIN code EH1 1HT 
 
Primary Sponsor  
Name  Medical Research Council UK Applied Global Health Research Board 
Address  2nd Floor, David Phillips Building, Polaris House, North Star Avenue, Swindon, United Kingdom (UK) PIN code:SN2 1ET 
Type of Sponsor  Government funding agency 
 
Details of Secondary Sponsor  
Name  Address 
NIL  NIL 
 
Countries of Recruitment     Bangladesh
India
Malaysia  
Sites of Study  
No of Sites = 4  
Name of Principal Investigator  Name of Site  Site Address  Phone/Fax/Email 
Dr GM Monsur Habib  Bangladesh Primary Care Respiratory Society  246 Haji Ismail Road; Khulna Bangladesh

 
01720685407

gmmhabib@gmail.com 
Dr Biswajit Paul  Christian Medical College, Vellore  RUHSA Department, P.K Puram, K.V Kuppam block, Vellore district – 632 209
Vellore
TAMIL NADU 
8124034755

drbpaul@cmcvellore.ac.in 
Dr Dhiraj Agarwal  KEM Hospital Research Centre  Vadu Rural Health Program Sardar Moodliar Road Rasta Peth, Pune 411 011
Pune
MAHARASHTRA 
9011066368

dhiraj.agarwal@kemhrcvadu.org 
Dr Julia Engkasan  Universiti Malaya  50603 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

 
60370493120

juliape@um.edu.my 
 
Details of Ethics Committee  
No of Ethics Committees= 1  
Name of Committee  Approval Status 
Institutional Review Board (IRB)  Approved 
 
Regulatory Clearance Status from DCGI  
Status 
Not Applicable 
 
Health Condition / Problems Studied  
Health Type  Condition 
Patients  (1) ICD-10 Condition: J410||Simple chronic bronchitis, (2) ICD-10 Condition: J411||Mucopurulent chronic bronchitis, (3) ICD-10 Condition: J418||Mixed simple and mucopurulent chronic bronchitis, (4) ICD-10 Condition: J42||Unspecified chronic bronchitis, (5) ICD-10 Condition: J439||Emphysema, unspecified, (6) ICD-10 Condition: J441||Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with (acute) exacerbation, (7) ICD-10 Condition: J449||Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, unspecified, (8) ICD-10 Condition: J459||Other and unspecified asthma, (9) ICD-10 Condition: J471||Bronchiectasis with (acute) exacerbation, (10) ICD-10 Condition: J479||Bronchiectasis, uncomplicated,  
 
Intervention / Comparator Agent  
Type  Name  Details 
Intervention  Centre-based Pulmonary Rehabilitation  Centre-based Pulmonary Rehabilitation (PR) will be delivered in groups (compliant with any social distancing requirements); in single sex groups, where it is culturally appropriate. These sessions will be supervised by the therapist and will last up to two hours and include exercise components and group education. These supervised sessions will be two days per week for a total of eight weeks. These will be rolling program, so that participants can be allocated to a session within 2-weeks of being randomized to Centre-PR. 
Intervention  Home-based Pulmonary Rehabilitation  Home-PR will include the same components as Centre-PR but supervision will be delivered remotely. Therapist at the site will make video-calls/telephone call/mobile conversation twice weekly for 8 weeks to the monitor patient exercise session and progression. He/she will record it in a patient log book. 
Comparator Agent  Usual Care  Locally available healthcare which will include education and training of inhaler techniques, breathing exercises and education materials on Chronic Respiratory Disease, given during the visit at the first instance. They are not supervised further. Participants in the usual care group will be offered their choice of Centre-PR or Home-PR at the end of the trial (6-months post randomization). 
 
Inclusion Criteria  
Age From  18.00 Year(s)
Age To  85.00 Year(s)
Gender  Both 
Details  1. Assessed by referring physician as having persistent and functionally limiting respiratory symptoms (mMRC ≥2) after optimization of pharmacological therapy.
2. Resident locally and willing to engage with either Centre-PR and Home-PR schedules if randomized to either of these groups.
3. Willing and able to provide written informed consent.
 
 
ExclusionCriteria 
Details  1) People with non-respiratory causes for the symptoms (stable co-morbidity may be included if clinically appropriate).
2) Active TB infection.
3) Any condition that would increase risk (e.g. uncontrolled cardiac disease) interfere with PR (e.g. neurological disorders, severe arthritis, dementia) or be inappropriate (very severe frailty, end-of-life)
4) On-going, or completed PR (including other exercise program) within previous 18 months.
5) Living in the same house as another participant.
6) Unwilling or unable to provide informed consent.
 
 
Method of Generating Random Sequence   Computer generated randomization 
Method of Concealment   Centralized 
Blinding/Masking   Outcome Assessor Blinded 
Primary Outcome  
Outcome  TimePoints 
1.Exercise capacity measured by the Endurance Shuttle Walking Test (ESWT) assessed post-PR intervention period.
2.HRQoL will be measured with the 50-item St Georges Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ).
3.Breathless will be assessed with the modified MRC Dyspnoea Scale (mMRC) ranging from 0-4.
4.The common co-morbid symptoms of anxiety and depression will be assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Score (HADS).
5.The impact of breathlessness on activities of daily living such as washing and dressing will be assessed with the London Chest Activities of Daily Living (LCADL).
6.The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) assesses physical activity in the domains of work, leisure, or travel. 
1. Baseline before randomization (T0)
2. At 12 weeks after completion of PR intervention (T+12; between 10-14 weeks)
3. At 6 months following intervention (T+26; between 24-30 weeks) 
 
Secondary Outcome  
Outcome  TimePoints 
Nil  Nil 
 
Target Sample Size   Total Sample Size="465"
Sample Size from India="117" 
Final Enrollment numbers achieved (Total)= "Applicable only for Completed/Terminated trials"
Final Enrollment numbers achieved (India)="Applicable only for Completed/Terminated trials" 
Phase of Trial   Phase 3 
Date of First Enrollment (India)   01/01/2025 
Date of Study Completion (India) Applicable only for Completed/Terminated trials 
Date of First Enrollment (Global)  02/01/2025 
Date of Study Completion (Global) Applicable only for Completed/Terminated trials 
Estimated Duration of Trial   Years="3"
Months="6"
Days="0" 
Recruitment Status of Trial (Global)   Not Yet Recruiting 
Recruitment Status of Trial (India)  Not Yet Recruiting 
Publication Details   N/A 
Individual Participant Data (IPD) Sharing Statement

Will individual participant data (IPD) be shared publicly (including data dictionaries)?  

Response - YES
  1. What data in particular will be shared?
    Response - All of the individual participant data collected during the trial, after de-identification.

  2. What additional supporting information will be shared?
    Response -  Study Protocol
    Response -  Statistical Analysis Plan
    Response - Informed Consent Form

  3. Who will be able to view these files?
    Response - Researchers who provide a methodologically sound proposal.

  4. For what types of analyses will this data be available?
    Response - To achieve aims in the approved proposal.

  5. By what mechanism will data be made available?
    Response - To gain access, data requestors will need to sign a data access agreement. Data are available for 5 years at a third party website (www.digitalresearchservices.ed.ac.uk/resources/data-vault).

  6. For how long will this data be available start date provided 01-06-2029 and end date provided 30-06-2034?
    Response - Beginning 3 months and ending 5 years following article publication.

  7. Any URL or additional information regarding plan/policy for sharing IPD? 
    Additional Information - Nil
Brief Summary  

Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) account for 80% of the total burden of chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) and mortality. CRDs are the second most common cause of all deaths in India and contributed to almost 30% of all deaths and DALYs due to CRDs globally in 2019. CRDs and their symptoms can be controlled with treatment including medications and exercises. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is a well-established non-pharmacological treatment option used in management of CRDs which has shown to improve symptom control and lung function. PR is a comprehensive, multidisciplinary, individually tailored intervention that overcomes the deconditioning induced by CRDs through endurance and muscle-strengthening exercises combined with education and coping mechanisms for breathlessness. However, most of the evidence is from high-income countries. This is a multi-country implementation trial in low- and middle-income country (LMIC) settings which will evaluate the effectiveness of centre and home-based PR over usual care, besides evaluating cost effectiveness, feasibility and sustainability.

This trial will be conducted across four centres and three countries with K V Kuppam block of RUHSA department being the study setting for CMC centre in India. A total of 465 study participants (confirmed cases of CRD, diagnosed by physician) will take part in this study with 120 participants from CMC centre who will be recruited after taking written informed consent and optimisation of treatment. They will be randomised to three groups -

1.      Centre-PR: a programme of exercise and education twice a week for 8 weeks at a PR Centre

2.      Home-PR: a programme of exercise and education twice a week for 8 weeks in their own homes, supervised remotely by video-call/telephone

3.      Usual Care: usual clinical care. At the end of the trial, this group will be offered their choice of Centre-PR or Home-PR

Before the start of PR, we will assess exercise capacity (Primary outcome) through Endurance Shuttle Walk test (ESWT) with minimum clinically important difference (MCID) of 174 seconds. The key secondary outcomes measured will be quality of life (HRQoL), breathlessness (mMRC dyspnoea scale), anxiety and depression (HADS), activities of daily living and physical activity (GPAQ). This will be repeated at 12 weeks and at 6 months to assess the impact of PR and measure whether benefits are maintained, respectively. We will measure the feasibility and acceptability through qualitative process evaluation and health economic impact through cost-effectiveness analysis. 

 
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