Primary dysmenorrhea refers to painful menstrual cramps without any underlying medical conditions, characterised by severe lower abdominal discomfort before or during menstruation. Other symptoms may include lower back pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, headaches, and fatigue, which can interfere with daily activities. While hormonal factors are commonly associated with dysmenorrhea, recent research suggests that musculoskeletal issues, like hip and core muscle weakness and lumbo-pelvic misalignment, may contribute to the condition by affecting uterine positioning and blood flow.  Further, impaired hip and core muscle function may contribute to maladaptive movement patterns and increased pain sensitivity in dysmenorrhea. This study aims to evaluate hip and core weakness in primary dysmenorrhea individuals, utilising objective measures to understand musculoskeletal alterations influencing symptom severity and treatment outcomes. Insights gained can inform tailored exercise programmes and rehabilitation protocols, empowering physiotherapists to provide personalised care and optimise treatment outcomes for dysmenorrhea sufferers.

Dysmenorrhea, the most common gynaecological disorder, is often neglected or mistaken as a normal part of the menstrual cycle, particularly among contemporary females. Due to its significant impact on adolescents and those in their productive years, more research is needed to better understand and manage the condition. Identifying modifiable risk factors can lead to personalised treatment, improving outcomes, and reducing the burden on healthcare systems. While studies have explored the effectiveness of core training on pain and symptom severity in primary dysmenorrhea, research has yet to assess hip and core function before and after intervention, despite evidence of poor abdominal muscle performance in affected individuals.

Who do not indulge in any form of physical activity?