Will individual participant data (IPD) be shared publicly (including data dictionaries)?  

Response - NO

Cephalandra indica

Cephalandra indica, Coccinia cordifolia (L.) Cogn), commonly known as Ivy Gourd, Little Gourd and Kovai belongs to family Cucurbitaceae. The plant had been used in Ayurvedic and Unani practice in the Indian subcontinent, as antidiabetic. C. indica is traditionally used as anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, antispasmodic, antimicrobial, cathartic, antibacterial and expectorant. Terpenoids, steroids, carotenoids and flavonoid have been isolated from C. indica aerial parts. Cephalandra indica belongs to family Cucurbitaceae, also known as Kundru in Hindi and Ivy Gourd in English, is a perennial climbing herb with tuberous roots that grows in the wild in abundance in major parts of India. The plant has been used since ancient times for treating diabetes mellitus according to the science of Ayurveda.C.indica has been reported to have an insulin stimulating effect on β cells. The usefulness of C. indica for diabetes mellitus in mother tincture in Homeopathy has also been documented through case reports . Chemical constituents: The whole plant contains various phytochemical constituents such as triterpenoids, steroids, carotenoids, aliphatic hydrocarbons and certain vitamins. ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY These mechanisms of action include stimulation of insulin secretion, regeneration of β-cells, restoration of antioxidant enzymes, enhancement of glucose uptake, regulation of metabolic enzymes, amelioration of lipid profiles, and inhibition of digestive enzymes. Here we summarize how C. grandis exerts antidiabetic activity via the aforementioned mechanisms of action.

Clinical studies: C. indica is used to treat “sugar urine” (madhumeha) in Ayurveda, a traditional Indian healing system. The mechanism of action is not well understood but appears to have insulin-mimetic properties. While assessing the quality of the herb for glycemic control by the American Diabetes Association Criteria for Clinical Guidelines, which rated C. indica with an A-rating and having supportive evidence with at least one adequate randomized clinical trial. Pharmacological reports: C. indica has been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antiulcer and antioxidant activities. A survey of literature revealed

that though few scientific reports have validated traditional claims of C. indica aerial parts but employed crude uncharacterized extracts.

Since there is difficulty in management and insufficient treatment methods so far for Diabeteis and Nephropathy, this research study on Cephalandra indica is proposed.