Hypoglycemia is a leading cause of emergency department (ED) visits, particularly in patients with diabetes undergoing intensive blood glucose control. Common symptoms include sweating, dizziness, confusion, and in severe cases, loss of consciousness and seizures. While most studies focus on diabetic patients, hypoglycemia also occurs in non-diabetic individuals due to factors such as prolonged starvation, infections, and organ diseases.

The study aims to assess the clinical profile and underlying causes of hypoglycemia in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients presenting to the ED, filling a gap in current literature, especially regarding non-diabetic cases. The primary objective is to evaluate the clinical characteristics of hypoglycemic patients in the ED. Secondary objectives are to determine the incidence of hypoglycemia in diabetic vs. non-diabetic patients, assess cognitive function post-treatment, and document hypoglycemia-related morbidity and mortality.

This prospective, observational study will be conducted at AIIMS Patna over six months, involving patients aged 16 and above with a random blood sugar (RBS) level below 70 mg/dl. Data on demographics, symptoms, causes, treatment, and outcomes will be collected and analyzed. Cognitive function will be assessed using the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) after treatment.

Expected Outcomes are that this study is expected to provide insights into the clinical presentation of hypoglycemia in the ED, identify associated factors, and contribute to the knowledge base for healthcare professionals managing hypoglycemic episodes.

Prospective and observational, with a sample size of at least 100 patients, using consecutive sampling. The study will include all eligible patients with hypoglycemia during the study period.