Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remain a leading cause of death globally. The concept of acute myocardial infarction in young adults was uncommon. Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of CVD, including myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure and peripheral artery disease. This condition is initiated early in childhood and progressive in nature. CVD risk factors includes hypertension, dyslipidemia and obesity play a role in the development of atherosclerosis and components in insulin resistance syndrome

Data from seven observational studies suggest that subclinical atherosclerosis defined by increased cIMT or CACS is associated with an increased risk of incident Atrial Fibrillation. These findings emphasize the need for further research investigating whether treatment of subclinical atherosclerosis should be a part of the initiatives to prevent AF.[ Kristensen KE, Knage CC, Nyhegn LH, Mulder BA, Rienstra M, Van Gelder IC, Brandes A. Subclinical atherosclerosis is associated with incident atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Europace.

         Atherosclerosis starts early in life and progresses silently for decades. Considering atherosclerosis as a "systemic disease" invites the use of noninvasive methodologies to detect disease in various regions before symptoms appear. 

The prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis varies across body size phenotypes. Pharmacologic and lifestyle interventions might modify their cardiovascular risk by facilitating the transition from one phenotype to another. Therefore efforts are made to conduct scientific studies on effect of dietary interventions on cardiovascular health of people with subclinical atherosclerosis.