The World Health Organization defines chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) as a persistent middle ear infection with a perforated tympanic membrane, leading to chronic discharge and hearing loss. Globally, CSOM affects between 65 to 330 million people, with 60% experiencing significant hearing impairment. It causes about 28,000 deaths annually and results in over 2 million Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs). The incidence is notably higher in developing countries due to factors like poor socio-economic conditions, inadequate nutrition, and lack of health education. In India, the prevalence is 46 per thousand in rural areas and 16 per thousand in urban areas, making it a major cause of hearing impairment in rural populations.

Effective management of CSOM often involves surgical intervention, particularly mastoidectomy combined with tympanoplasty. This approach aims to remove infected tissue, achieve a dry and healthy ear, and improve hearing outcomes. The success of tympanic membrane reconstruction largely depends on addressing any mastoid disease. The prevalence of CSOM is linked to poor living conditions, and surgical treatments can help reduce disease burden and improve quality of life by preventing recurrent infections and promoting hearing restoration.