The patients will be allocated to one of the following two groups: Group OFA (n=35): Patients will be given opioid-free anaesthesia. Group OBA (n=35): Patients will be given opioid-based anaesthesia. 

Procedure on the day of surgery:

Patient will be shifted to the operation room. Monitoring of heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure, continuous electrocardiogram, arterial oxygen saturation (Spo2) and end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2) will be done. All baseline parameters will be recorded.

Before the induction of anaesthesia, the patients in the OFA group will receive intravenous dexmedetomidine bolus of 1 mcg/kg (diluted to 20 ml normal saline) in infusion over 10min, followed by lidocaine bolus of 1.0 mg/kg (diluted to 5ml of normal saline). Patients in the OBA group will receive intravenous fentanyl bolus of 1.5 mcg/kg (diluted to 20 ml normal saline) in infusion over 10 min followed by normal saline bolus of 5 ml.

During maintenance of anaesthesia, the OFA group will receive a continuous intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine 0.3mcg/kg/hr (diluted to 50 ml of normal saline) and intravenous infusion of lidocaine 1.5mg/kg/h (diluted to 50 ml of normal saline) with sevoflurane (1% to 3%), whereas the OBA group will receive a continuous intravenous infusion of fentanyl 0.5 mcg/kg/hr (diluted to 50 ml of normal saline) and 50 ml of normal saline infusion as placebo with sevoflurane (1% to 3%).

The pain will be evaluated by using VAS score at 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 6 h and 24 h which will be evaluated both at rest and on coughing. Quality of recovery score will be assessed at 24 hours after surgery using 15 item QoR questionnaire. The Ramsay Sedation Score will be evaluated every 15 min till the discharge of the patient from PACU. Time from PACU discharge will be noted.

Patient will be monitored continuously intra and post operatively and observations will be recorded in the prescribed proforma.